Keywords: RAMS, LCC, railway asset, decarbonization, sustainable replacement strategy, maintenance planning.

This paper outlines the methodological and analytical foundation for RAMS (Reliability, Availability, Maintainability, and Safety) and Lifecycle Cost (LCC) assessment within the NRPCES project, supporting future development of Economic Replacement Time (ERT) considering sustainability KPIs and decision-support tools. The work is aligned with relevant European standards, notably EN 50126 for RAMS and EN 60300 for LCC, and provides a generic, transferable framework applicable across multiple industrial sectors. The primary objective of this study is to define how probabilistic RAMS indicators and cost drivers can be derived from operational and maintenance data and integrated into a consistent LCC structure. A comprehensive RAMS modelling framework for repairable systems is presented, combining homogeneity testing, trend analysis, and parametric stochastic processes. In addition, CO2 emissions and carbon costs associated with maintenance activities have been identified through maintenance data records and interviews with experts. Thereafter, RAMS outputs are directly linked to LCC drivers, ensuring that failure frequency, repair duration, and downtime are explicitly reflected in economic assessments. The methodology is demonstrated through railway crossing assets installed in the Swedish railway network.

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