Keywords: masonry, infill, frame, masonry frame, steel structure, opening, rehabilitation, strengthening.

In this papers masonry infill between walls constructed within the spans of framed structures is considered. The effects of masonry infill in framed structures have been widely under investigation for many years [1]. An increase in the frame stiffness caused by infill will lead to changes in the behaviour of the structure subject to lateral loading [2]. This effect will vary as a result of material properties, thickness, span dimensions, and its location. Each of these parameters can have positive or negative effects on structural behaviour. Openings in these walls will cause variation in the stress distribution in the infill plane and in many cases create stress concentration at opening corners.

Previous investigations show the stress concentration depends on the number, dimensions, and position of the openings [3]. The authors believe one of the effective strengthening procedures for weak low rise steel structures is to incorporate infill within a number of spans. They have conducted some studies in this field [4,5]. In these studies, effect of openings, infill locations as well as strengthening by shotcrete and, or steel mesh has been considered [4]. The finite element method using the ETABS [6] and ANSYS [7] software has been employed. Material and geometrical nonlinearities are considered in the analysis. The loading was implemented by applying cyclic displacements and the modelling was validated by comparing the results with those of similar experiments which have formerly been conducted [8]. The aim of this paper is to discuss the effect of shotcrete and steel mesh on steel frames with masonry infill. The results of current investigation indicate that the stability of low-rise steel structures can be improved by adding steel mesh and applying shotcrete which leads to increased strength and stability of the existing structure.

1

K.M. Mosalam, R.N. White, P. Gergely, "Static response of infilled frames using quasi-static experimentation", J. of Struct. Eng., 123(11), 1462-1469, 1997. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1997)123:11(1462)

2

H.A. Moghaddam, P.J. Dowling, "The state-of-art in infilled frames", ESEE report, No 87-2, Imperial College, London, 1987.

3

A. Mohebkhah, A.A. Tasnimi, H.A. Moghadam, "A nonlinear-seismic model for brick masonry- infill panels with opening in steel frames", Department of Civil Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, 2007.

4

S.M. Aghaie Meybodi, "Investigation on Influence of Use of Infilled Frame in Rehabilitation of Masonry Buildings with Centric Steel Frame", MSc thesis, directed by M. Foroughi, Department of Civil Engineering, Yazd University, Iran, 2009.

5

M. Foroughi, M.A. Barkhordari, S.M. Aqaee, "Investigation of the Seismic Behaviour of Masonry Infilled Frames", in Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Engineering Computational Technology, B.H.V. Topping, J.M. Adam, F.J. Pallarés, R. Bru, M.L. Romero, (Editors), Civil-Comp Press, Stirlingshire, United Kingdom, paper 350, 2010. doi:0.4203/ccp.93.350

6

ETABS 2000, Tree Dimensional Analysis of Building System, User Manual.

7

ANSYS 10 Tutorial (Help), ANSYS Release 10.0 Documentation.

8

K.M. Mosalam, R.N. White, P. Gergely, "Seismic Evaluation of Frames With infill Walls Using Quasi-Static Experiments", Technical Report NCEER-97-0019, National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research, State Univ. of N.Y. at Buffalo, 1997.

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