Keywords: train aerodynamics, train drag, tunnel pressures, train slipstreams, crosswind effects, pantograph aerodynamics.

This paper considers the history and the development of the study of train aerodynamics and looks forward to the issues that might become of importance in the future. It is based, primarily, on British and European developments (for which the author has access to the historical documents) but includes references to developments in the rest of the world. It begins by considering developments in the 19th century that sought to exploit atmospheric effects as propulsion methods for trains. The streamlining of trains in the inter-war years is then considered, followed by a discussion on the range of issues that emerged in the middle of the 20th century. The aerodynamic issues associated with the development of high speed trains and long tunnels are then discussed, and current concerns and activities described. Finally, it is suggested that, in the future, there will be a need for the study of both conventional trains, over a wide speed range, as well as the study of a range of possible innovative vehicles and transport systems.

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