Keywords: railway induced noise and vibration, re-radiated noise in buildings, coupled vibro-acoustic system, soil–pile interaction, 3D acoustic SBM, 2.5D elastodynamic FEM-SBM, modified Novak pile model.

This work presents a coupled vibro-acoustic framework designed to predict railway-induced re-radiated noise within nearby buildings subjected to train traffic. To evaluate the inferior sound pressure field, a three-dimensional acoustic singular boundary method (3D SBM) is deployed, where the enclosed room is represented as a structural subsystem with flexible plates formulated via thick plate theory. The global elastodynamic track-tunnel-ground-building system is established in the frequency domain using a weakly coupled approach across three distinct subsystems. Specifically, the track-tunnel-soil interaction is simulated using a two-and-a-half-dimensional (2.5D) FEM-SBM scheme, whereas the soil-pile foundation and structural building components are captured through an integrated 3D FEM-SBM framework. A key focus of this study is an investigation into how different soil–pile interaction modeling strategies influence the resulting interior vibro-acoustic responsein the building. Predictions derived from a semi-analytical approach employing a modified Novak pile model are compared against those from a numerical SBM-based formulation representation. This comparative analysis provides insights into the precision, computationally efficient and overall applicability of simplified foundation models for building vibration and interior noise forecasting.

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