Keywords: ground vibration, axle sequence, triain speed, soil transfer function, slab track, ballast track.

Measurements of ground and track vibrations have been performed at a high-speed line in northern Germany. Impacts on the track and the ground, and passages of different trains with different speeds on different tracks have been measured. Transfer functions of the soil are presented and approximated by theoretical soil models. By using these transfer functions, the measured ground vibration between 4 to 64 m distance from the track can be transformed into a load spectrum which can be used for predictions at other sites. The method is compared to the soil-dependent method of an emission spectrum at a certain distance (8 m for example). Different trains yield different ground vibrations because of their different axle sequence. The first, second and third car length frequency could be clearly identified. Specific vibration components increase more than proportionally with increasing train speed between 200 and 320 km/h. A stiff slab track can reduce the low-frequency ground vibration compared to a ballast track. A high-frequency amplification of the slab track has been analysed with the dynamic vehicle-track interaction.

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