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1	THE EFFECTS OF COMPUTERS ON THE CIVIL ENGINEERING PROFESSION
1.1	The Realities of Computing Needs in Professional Practices W.T. Bell	1
1.2	The Evolution of Effective Use of Computers in a Design Office for Drawing and Design A.S. Harper	7
1.3	Legal and Ethical Issues for Civil and Structural Engineering Computer Users M. Sales and B.H.V. Topping	15
1.4	Program Development, Maintenance and Support R.H. Lee and R.A. Rao	23
1.5	The Use of Computers in Civil and Structural Engineering in the West Indies - An Overview M.W. Chin	27
2	THE USE OF COMPUTERS ON THE CONSTRUCTION SITE
2.1	Some Uses of Micro Computers in Site Management M.R. Devonshire and H.C. Devonshire	33
2.2	Some Applications of Computer based Planning and Information Systems in The Construction Site Environment S.B. Davies	45
2.3	Mexican Experience in the Use of Micro-Computers on the Construction Site J. Hartasanchez-Garana	53
3	COMPUTERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT
3.1	Information Technology Planning for Construction Companies C.M. Turk	59
3.2	Project Control Information Systems: Performance, Interfaces, Security and Control Issues R.S. Otter	69
3.3	CASPAR - A Program for Engineering Project Appraisal and Management P.A. Thompson and G. Willmer	75
3.4	Development of a Microcomputer based Model for Road Investment in Developing Countries R.H. Kerali, L.L. Parsley, R. Robinson and M.S. Snaith	83
3.5	The Application of Portable Computers to Production Analysis M.W. Emsley and F.C. Harris	87
3.6	Qumic-Quantities on Micro L.M. Hughes	95
3.7	Computerised Estimating and Preparation of Bills of Quantities R.J. Anderson and D.T.A. Kitley	103
3.8	Computing for Project Management - The Next Generation M. Barnes, A. Clarb and A. Norman	111
4	DATA BASES: MANAGEMENT, STORAGE AND ANALYSIS
4.1	A Microcomputer Database and Information System for Engineering Management J.S. Maxwell	115
4.2	Database and Data Communications - The Relevance to Civil Engineering Industry A.P. Munton	123
4.3	Computer Storage, Management and Analysis of Data Arising from Investigations into Structural Deterioration T.J.A. Agar and C.J. Kendall	131
4.4	The Scope of Microcomputer based Road Maintenance Management Packages for Use in Developing Countries M.S. Snaith, R. Robinson, W.T. Bell and H.R. Kerali	135
5	COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
5.1	BUILDS-A: A Three-Dimensional Analysis Program for Building Structure C-K. Choi and E-D. Kim	141
5.2	Computer Aided Design of Wood Trusses using Nailplate Connectors M. Mikkola, Kakela and Pihlaja Oy	149
5.3	The Drawing Office as a Flexible Manufacturing System D. Walker	155
5.4	CAD - Panacea or Pain L.M. Szarski	161
5.5	A New Generation of High Standard Computer Programs to Make Static Calculations and Drawings for Structural Engineering Constructions Automatically F. Derflinger	167
5.6	Post Processing the Design Details - Trends and Techniques C.V. Vaidyanathan	173
6	COMPUTER AIDED DRAFTING
6.1	CADD - The Direction and Consequences for the Design Office D. Taffs	179
6.2	Computer Aided Design and Drafting - Achieving the Benefits R.N. MacDonald	183
6.3	Introduction, Use and Management of Computer Aided Drafting in the Construction Industry D.J. Verran	187
6.4	Surface Modelling in The Context of a General Drafting System M.P. McGarry	195
7	THE USE OF MICROCOMPUTERS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
7.1	Some Micro-Computer Applications in Structural Analysis and Design U.D. Madi	201
7.2	GREASE - a Micro-Computer Graphical Extensions for Architecture and Structural Engineering H.P. Santo	205
7.3	The Development of the STRAND Structural Analysis Package H.B. Harrison	213
7.4	Microcomputer Software for Steel and Composite Structural Elements L. Lawo	221
7.5	Automated Design of Non-Equipment Bridges B.W. Golley, M.F. Hender and J. Petrolito	227
8	THE USE OF MICRO-COMPUTERS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
8.1	Computer Aided Concrete Mix Design K.C. Hover	233
8.2	Visual Grading of Timber with a Computer A. Jospeh and A.K. Sharma	239
9	STRUCTURAL CONFIGURATION AND ANALYSIS
9.1	TENSYL: An Integrated CAD Approach to Stressed Membrane Structures D.S. Wakefield	247
9.2	Determination of Cable Roof Configurations using Formex Algebra K. Ahmadi-Kashani, A.J. Bell and T.Y. Ho	255
9.3	Formex Algebra in a Design Office S.C. Baird and P.G. King	265
9.4	Numerical Data in the Development of Multi-Discipline Projects U.K. Bunni and I.N.A. Cheah	273
10	ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES
10.1	Programs for a Bridge Design Office S.R. Sangakkara and A. Low	281
10.2	The Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beam and Column Sections R.H. Scott, A.T. Stevens and S. Black	291
10.3	Nonlinear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures H. Corres and J. Leon	297
10.4	Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams in Torsion D.V. Phillips and M.S. Mohamed	305
10.5	Concrete Building Design in Your Pocket J.J. Shiel and R.G. Smith	313
10.6	Micro CP110 J. Siefert and M.J. Wyatt	319
11	ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF STEEL STRUCTURES
11.1	Design Equations for Gusset Plates based upon Nonlinear Connection Analysis R.M. Richard and G.C. Williams	327
11.2	Influence of Torsional Stiffness of I-Girders in the Analysis of Curved Girder Bridges A.K. Azad, M.H. Baluch and A. Ali	335
11.3	Bolted Moment Connections with End-Plates in Structural Steel Frames I. Khan-Kernahan and A.K. Sharma	341
12	PLASTIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF FRAMES
12.1	Comuter Aided Demonstratin of Elasto-Plastic Behaviour of Steel Members K.T. Leung and M.U. Hosain	349
12.2	Plastic Design and Stability of One-Storey Frames Y. Delos	353
12.3	On Computer Plastic Analysis of Framed Structures E. Erbatur	357
12.4	The Minimum Weight Concept in Interactive Plastic Design A. Jennings and T.H.K. Tam	363
13	OPTIMUM STRUCTURAL DESIGN
13.1	Minimum Weight Design of Cold-Formed Steel Sections V. Thevendran and N.E. Shanmugam	369
13.2	Linear Programming in Prestressed Trusses R. Levy	377
13.3	A Rapid Optimization Procedure for Laminated Composite Plates L. Weiji	383
13.4	A Structural Optimization Programming System for Teaching and Design D.J. Gunarahnam	391
14	ANALYSIS OF PLATES
14.1	Elasticity Versus Finite Strip Analysis or Orthotropic Folded Plates M.J. Lowreym	399
14.2	Elasto-Plastic Large Deflection Analysis of Circular Plates - A Comparison Between Full-Section and Layered Yield Criteria Predications G.J. Turvey and N.G.V. Der Avanessian	405
14.3	The Improvement of Stress Fields using the Assumed-Stress Hybrid Approach H.C. Huang and J.Y. Zhang	415
15	DYNAMIC PROBLEMS IN STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING
15.1	A Unified Approach to the Static, Buckling and Vibration Analysis and Design of Structures with Collinear Nodes using Micro-Computers W.P. Howson and F.W. Williams	1
15.2	Nonlinear Seismic Analysis of Shear-Type Buildings M. Sobaih and A.S. Hussein	9
15.3	Symbolic Computing for the Analysis of Wind Turbine Dymamics D.C. Quarton and A.D. Garrad	17
15.4	A Computer Model for Bridge-Vehicle Systems P. Swannell, C.W. Miller and R. Duczmal	25
16	FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF LARGE SYSTEMS
16.1	The Use of Supercomputers to Solve Large Non-Linear Structural Analysis Problems R.A. Parris and S. Gupta	33
16.2	Structural Analysis of Circular Concrete Tanks for Water Treatment and Storage using SHELAX, a Finite Element Analysis Program for Axisymmetric Structures A.J. Davis	41
16.3	Analysis of Large Systems - Arch Dams J.P.F. O'Connor	49
16.4	Hierarchical Refinement in Finite Element Incremental Contact Problem Analysis L.R. Fang and L.Y. Cheng	57
16.5	The LUCAS Finite Element System with Reference to the Construction Industry D.J. Irving and L.P.R. Lyons	63
17	NON-LINEAR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS
17.1	Numerical Analysis of Bifurcation Equilibrium Paths of Geometrically Nonlinear Structures F. Nishino, W. Hartono, O. Fujiwara and P. Kadasudhi	71
17.2	A Basic Program for Non-Linear MDF Systems S. Ginsburgh	79
17.3	Non-Linear Analysis of Stompdrift Multi-Arch Dam J.P.F. O'Connor	83
17.4	Non-Linear Rayleigh - Ritz Analysis by Microcomputer G.W. Hunt, R.G. Cowell and P.G. Duxbury	91
18	MATRIX SOLUTION SCHEMES
18.1	An Algorithm for Profile and Wavefront Reduction in Finite Element Analysis S.W. Sloan	99
18.2	Static Condensation for Symmetric Banded Matrices with Minimum Memory Requirements A. Recurero and J.P. Gutierrez	105
18.3	Numerical Error or Elimination Method for Large Sparse Set of Linear Equations T. Tanaguchi, N. Shiraishi and A. Soga	111
19	STATIC AND DYNAMIC REANALYSIS
19.1	Rank-Updating Techniques in Reanalysis A. Jennings	119
19.2	A Boundary Element Row-Solver Algorithm for the Reanalysis of Problems with Uncertain Boundary M.C. Au	125
19.3	Dynamic Reanalysis J.P.A. Burns and D.R. Green	131
19.4	Static Reanalysis of Structures: A Review A.M. Abu Kassim and B.H.V. Topping	137
20	THE THEOREMS OF STRUCTURAL VARIATION
20.1	Theorems of Structural Variations - Concerning the Inverse of the Stiffness Matrix A.A. Filali	149
20.2	Nonlinear Analysis of Space Trusses by the Theorem of Structural Variation M.P. Saka and T. Celik	153
20.3	The Theorems of Structural Variation for Linear and Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis A.M. Abu Kassim and B.H.V. Topping	159
21	UNCERTAINTY IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
21.1	Optimum Aseismic Design using Fuzzy Sets and Empirical Connectives H. Futura, K. Furukawa, N. Ahirashi and J.T.P. Yao	173
21.2	Optimum Structural Design under Uncertainty A.B. Templeman, Q. Ling-Xi and L. Xing-si	179
21.3	Logical Interference from Uncertain Knowledge in Civil Engineering D.I. Blockley	185
21.4	Response Functions in Reliability Analysis of Structural Systems D.M. Frangopol and R. Nakib	189
22	ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT: MASONRY AND REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES
22.1	Applications of Non-Linear Finite Element Codes to Masonry Arches K.D.S. Towler	197
22.2	The Assessment of Load Carrying Capacity of Masonry Arch Bridges S.R. Davies	203
22.3	Assessment and Design of Masonry Arch Structures using a Microcomputer W.J. Harvey	207
22.4	Computer Methods for the Analysis of Masonry Arches M.A. Crisfield	213
22.5	Numerical Assessment of Existing Concrete Structures G. Baker and A.D. Edwards	221
23	WATER ENGINEERING: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
23.1	The Use of a Microcomputer for the Simulation of Flows in the Dunfermline Sewerage System C. Jeffries and R.M. Ashley	229
23.2	Determining the Least Cost Spanning Network for a System of Pipes by the Use of Dynamic Programming G.A. Waters and S.J. McKechnie	237
23.3	Real Time River Flow Forecasting A. Dickson and G. Fleming	245
23.4	A Program for Seepage Analysis based on a Boundary Integral Method L.T. Isaacs	253
23.5	Computer Aided Design of Wastewater Treatment Plants D.J. Elliorr and J. Pocas	259
24	COMPUTERS AND SURVEYING
24.1	Developments in Field Computing for Pipeline Work D.J. Gedge	267
24.2	Computer Aided Hydrographic Surveying J.C. McIlwrath	273
25	GEOTECHNICAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
25.1	Automated Design of Pile Group Geometry A.R. Selby and C.N. Jolley	277
25.2	Numerical Modelling of a Plate Anchor D.A. Pooniah	281
25.3	Computer Design of Pile Foundations by Critical Depth Method T.A.H. Dodd	291
26	GEOTECHNICAL DATA PROCESSING
26.1	GEOSHARE - Geotechnical Data Processing for Analytical Results D.E. Wainwright, L.A. Wood and E.V. Tucker	297
26.2	Microcomputer Framework for Geotechnical Site Characterisation N. Duplancic and G.A. Righetti	303
27	DATA ACQUISITION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
27.1	Data Acquisition and Communications using Unattended Computers R.L. Sack, J.J. Pinkard and J.S. Haldeman	309
27.2	The Use of Computers for Building Monitoring and Management R.I. Lewis	317
27.3	A Micro-Computer Controlled Hydraulic Loading System for Structures Laboratories S. Fyffe and S. Sarkar	325
27.4	Computer Control of a Complex Fatigue Test A.F. Dier and R.E. Hobbs	331
27.5	Automated Testing of Thin-Walled Steel Structures under Repetitive Loading by Microcomputer System Y. Niwa, E. Watanabe and H. Isami	337
28	DATA ACQUISITION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS - GEOTECHNICAL AND SOIL TESTING APPLICATIONS
28.1	Continuous Loading Consolidation Tests L.R. Davison	345
28.2	An Application of Microcomputers to the Laboratory Testing of Soils D.B. Clinton and R.I. Woods	349
28.3	Computer Aided Data Logging A. Prince	353
28.4	From Test to Report: A Versatile Data Handling System for Civil Engineering Laboratories S. Fyffe and G.A. Murray	361
28.5	An Intelligent Data-Logger Applied to Soils Testing V.G. Over	367
28.6	Microcomputer Controlled Dynamic Testing of Geotextile Separating Membranes in Road Construction C. Davis, S.R Cochrane and A. Thompson	377
28.7	Monitoring Pile Hammer Performance T.J. Poskitt, I.J. Solomon and G. Ward	381
29	EXPERT SYSTEMS IN CIVIL ENGINEERING
29.1	Can Expert Systems Help the Construction Industry? D.M. Wager	387
29.2	Knowledge-Based Expert Systems in Structural Engineering H. Adeli	391
29.3	The Integration of an Expert System into the Construction Planning Process D.A. Wijesundera and F.C. Harris	399
29.4	Implementation Issues of Hydrological Expert Systems - A Civil Engineering Case Study K. Ahmad, A.J. Langdon, W.D. Moss and R.K. Price	407
29.5	Some Experiences from Evaluating Expert System Shell Programs and Some Potential Applications R.J. Allwood, D.J. Stewart and E.G. Trimble	415
30	THE IMPACT OF COMPUTERS ON CIVIL AND STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION
30.1	The Effects of Developments in the Use of Microcomputers at North American Universities J. Christian	421
30.2	"CECILS" - An Application of Individualised Teaching Through CBE W.M. Jenkins	425
30.3	Microcomputer-Aided Education of Structural Engineers S. Ginsburg	431
30.4	A Problem Solving Approach to the Teaching of Civil Engineering Computing P. Swannell and L.T. Isaacs	435
30.5	Computers in Civil Engineering Education - A Multidimensional Resource R.H. Lee and A.R. Rao	439
30.6	Computer Aided Education in Structural Engineering N. Haritos	443
30.7	Preparing Civil Engineering Graduates for a Computer Oriented Career P.J. Hoadley	449
30.8	Computer Assisted Learning in Structural Steel Design I.W. Burgess, G.W. Owens, R. Plank and H.D. Wright	455
30.9	A Computer Aided Learning Package on Stiffness Method and its Application J.M. Ko, P.K.S. Lam and C.W. Wong	461
30.10	Computer Aided Instruction for the Design of Steel K.W. Marr and F.E. Otte II	467
30.11	The Use of Computers and Computer Graphics in the Teaching of Structural Analysis A.G. Smyrell	473
30.12	A Simple and Effective Computer Aided Instruction System M.U. Hosain	479
30.13	Computer Aided Instruction in Engineering Surveying P.H. Milne	483

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